ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To s tudy the improvement effects of sinapic acid on Aβ42-induced injury of PC 12 cells and the mechanism. METHODS PC12 cells were divided into five groups ：control group ，model group ，sinapic acid group ，phosphoinositide- 3-kinase（PI3K）inhibitor group and extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）inhibitor group. Each inhibitor group was added with LY 294002 and U 0126（10 μmol/L）for 1 h；except for control group ，other four groups were treated with 2 μmol/L Aβ42 for 24 h to replicate the Alzheimer ’s disease cell model ；except for control group and model group ，other three groups were added with 100 μmol/L sinapic acid respectively. After 24 hours of continuous culture ，survival rate of PC 12 cells was detected and the morphology of PC 12 cells was observed. The content of Aβ42，mRNA expression of cAMP response element binding protein （CREB），protein expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP），protein kinase A （PKA），CREB signaling pathway and phosphorylated CREB （p-CREB）were detected. RESULTS After treated with sinapic acid ，the survival rate of PC 12 cells，mRNA expression of CREB and protein expressions of cAMP ，PKA and p-CREB were increased significantly （P＜0.05），while the content of Aβ42 was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）；cell morphology was significantly improved and synapses increased. After intervened with PI 3K and ERK inhibitors ，the survival rate of PC 12 cells，above mRNA and protein expressions were reversed significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；cell morphology was irregular ，the fragments increased ，and the synaptic connections decreased. CONCLUSIONS Sinapic acid can improve the survival rate of PC 12 cells injured by A β 42，improve cell （No.2021-KYYWF-0349） morphology and decrease the content of Aβ42，the mechanism of which may be associated with promoting the gene transcription of CREB ， and activating cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the cognition and clinical practice status of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) among anesthesiologists in secondary hospitals in China using a questionnaire, trying to provide some references for the promotion and popularization of ERAS across China.Methods:From April to November 2021, anesthesiologists in secondary public hospitals across the country were enrolled by convenience sampling and investigated by a self-designed questionnaire on the cognition, clinical practice status and their teaching needs about ERAS.Influencing factors of ERAS cognition were then analyzed.Results:Totally 879 questionnaires were sent out, 864 were effectively received with effective recovery of 98.3%.The anesthesiologists in this survey were distributed in 31 provincial administrative regions across the country.The score of the ERAS cognition (total score of 18) was 12.00 (3.75), and 563 participants (65.2%) were qualified on cognitive status (score ≥ 12). Geographic region, age, educational qualification, professional title and length of occupation were found to have significant influence on ERAS cognition ( P<0.05). Among the anesthesiologists who participated in the survey, 817 participants (94.6%) recognized that ERAS management was beneficial to patients, and 778 (90.0%) of them agreed that ERAS management should be carried out as much as possible in secondary hospitals.Two hundred and fifty-five (29.5%) participants had never implemented ERAS management in clinic anesthesia.There were significant differences in the ERAS practice status among participants from different geographical regions in China ( P<0.05). Eight hundred and forty-eight (98.1%) anesthesiologists who participated in the survey expressed their willingness to receive further systematic training on ERAS, and taking online courses and reading books were the current main ways to obtain related knowledge. Conclusions:The cognition and clinical practice status of ERAS need to be improved among anesthesiologists in secondary hospitals in our country.Sustained ERAS education programs with various forms should be carried out in subgrade medical care centers in order to continuously promote the extensive practice of ERAS across China.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To study the improvement effects of sinapic acid （SA）on PC 12 cell damage induced by Aβ1-42，and to investigate its effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）/tyrosine kinase B （TrkB）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）signaling pathway. METHODS ：PC12 cells were divided into blank group ，model group ，SA low-dose and high-dose groups（50，100 μmol/L）. Except for blank group ，cell damage was induced by Aβ1-42 in other groups ；24 h after modeling ， administration groups were added with the corresponding solution and cultured for 24 h. Morphological changes of cells in each group were observed. Cell survival rate ，mRNA expression and protein level of BDNF ，protein expression of TrkB ，ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK 1/2（p-ERK1/2）were detected. p-ERK/ERK ratio was calculated. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，the model group had shorter synapses ，looser intercellular junctions ，poor adhesion ，dim cytoplasm and more granules in cytoplasm. Cell survival rate and mRNA expression and protein level of BDNF ，the relative expression of TrkB and p-ERK 1/2 protein，p-ERK/ ERK ratio were significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，in SA high-dose group the pathological changes of the cells were significantly improved ，the survival rate of the cells ，the mRNA expression and protein level of BDNF，the relative expression of TrkB and p-ERK 1/2 protein， p-ERK/ERK ratio were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）. CONCLUSIONS：SA can i mprove PC 12 cells damage induced by Aβ1-42，the mechanism of which may be associated with activating BDNF/TrkB/ERK signaling pathway. qq.com
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To investigate the mechanism of sinapic acid （SA）against PC 12 cell injury induced by Amyloid β1-42 protein（Aβ1-42）based on PI 3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. METHODS：PC12 cells of rats were randomly divided into control group，Aβ group（Aβ1-42 2 μmol/L），Aβ+SA group（Aβ1-42 2 μmol/L+SA100 μmol/L），Aβ+SA+LY group [Aβ1-42 2 μmol/L+SA 100 μmol/L+LY294002（PI3K inhibitor ）10 μmol/L]，Aβ+LY group（Aβ1-42 2 μmol/L+LY294002 10 μmol/L）and LY group （LY294002 10 μmol/L）. Except for control group and LY group ，the cells of other groups were replicated the damage model with Aβ1-42. After 24 hours of culture ，the morphology of cells was obsened in each group with a microscope ，and MTT assay was adopted to determine the cell viability of PC 12 cells in each group. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression of PI 3K，p-PI3K， Akt，p-Akt，GSK3β and p-GSK3β in cells of each group. RESULTS：Compared with control group ，the number of cells decreased and some synaptic breaks disappeared in Aβ group while cell viability，ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK 3β/GSK3β in Aβ group were decreased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with Aβ group，the cells became round and synapses became more in Aβ+SA group while cell viability，the ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK 3β/GSK3β were increased significantly（P＜0.05）. Compared with Aβ+SA group，some synaptic breaks occurred in Aβ+SA+LY group while cell viability， the ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK 3β/GSK3β were decreased significantly（P＜0.05）；Aβ+LY group had more cell debris，and t he cell viability was decreased ，but the difference was not significant ，and the ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK3 β/GSK3 β had no significant change （P＞0.05）; LY294002 alone had no significant effect on morphology ，cellviability and the ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt or p-GSK 3β/ GSK3 β （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ： SA may play aprotective role against PC 12 cell injury induced by A β 1-42 through activating PI 3K/Akt/GSK-3β.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship of different body mass index, waist circumference and serum lipid levels with essential hypertension among residents of Ningbo. And to explore the predictive value of BMI and WC (Waist Cir-cumference) for hypertension. Methods Adopting cluster sampling, 2 303 people (1 081 cases of hypertension and 1 222 people with normal blood pressure) were collected in the four townships of Ningbo City. We conducted questionnaires, physi-cal examination and blood lipid testing for all of subjects. WC group:WC≥85 cm in male or WC≥80 cm in female is central obesity, and the others are normal. BMI groups:BMI≥24 kg/m2 is overweight, and BMI<24 kg/m2 is normal. The relationship of BMI, WC and serum lipid levels with hypertension was analyzed by multivariate unconditional logistic regression model. The predictive value of BMI and WC for hypertension was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results WC, BMI, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hypertension group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). And WC, BMI, TG, LDL-C is the impact factor for hypertension. The overweight rate and central obesity rate in hypertension group were higher than control group (P<0.01). TG and LDL-C level abnormality, overweight and central obesity were the risk factors of hypertension. As a risk factor of hypertension, over-weight with central obesity group is higher than overweight with normal waistline group, simple central obesity group and nor-mal group. In the area under the ROC curve, BMI is higher than WC in both male and female population. Conclusion WC, BMI, TG and LDL-C abnormalities were risk factors for hypertension, and BMI was a better predictive factor for hyper-tension than WC.
ABSTRACT
Sarcopenia is closely related with age-related loss of muscle fiber, reduced physical activity, hormone level decline and nutrition deficiency. Though torque generation in knee extension, relative skeletal muscle index, lean body weight, electromyogram, gait analysis, grasp force, nuclear magnetic resonance and B ultrasonic examination are generally accepted as diagnostic method, there is not an unified standard in diagnosis. Through the physical activity and diet can prevent and reverse the tendency of sarcopenia, which also improve the activity of the hypothalamic-GH-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis. In future, the characteristic therapy of Chinese medicine science can be added into resistance exercise and nutrition method, or combined compound hormones with nutrition intervention to design orthogonal test for seeking the best interaction, and explore the long-term safety and effectivity by follow-up observation.